A 74-year-old man with chronic low back pain due to degenerative disc disease and bilateral knee osteoarthritis is referred to the PMHNP by his pain management specialist for evaluation of worsening mood. He rates his pain as 7/10 on average and reports that over the past three months he has lost interest in woodworking, stopped attending his weekly card game, and feels like a 'burden' to his wife who has to help him with tasks he used to do independently. He sleeps poorly due to pain, with frequent nighttime awakenings, and has lost 8 pounds unintentionally. His medications include acetaminophen, meloxicam, and gabapentin 300 mg three times daily. He denies suicidal ideation but states he 'wouldn't mind if he didn't wake up.' PHQ-9 score is 19. The PMHNP is evaluating the bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and depression in this elderly patient. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the assessment of co-occurring chronic pain and depression in elderly populations?