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hardanticholinergic toxicitytoxidromemedication safetypolypharmacydelirium
A 72-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and overactive bladder is brought to the emergency department by his daughter. He was recently started on benztropine 2 mg twice daily after developing extrapyramidal symptoms on his antipsychotic. His current medications also include oxybutynin and diphenhydramine for sleep. On examination, he is agitated and confused with disorganized speech. Vital signs reveal heart rate 118 bpm, temperature 38.6°C, and blood pressure 158/94 mmHg. Physical examination reveals dilated pupils, flushed and dry skin, absent bowel sounds, and urinary retention. Which assessment finding pattern is most consistent with anticholinergic toxicity rather than an acute psychotic exacerbation?
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